Physical Features of India:
All of you have studied about the previous chapter and now this chapter ‘Physical features of India’ we will discuss about the great physical diversity.
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What are the main reasons of great diversity of physical features?
Answer: Indian great diversity in physical features occurred due to different reasons.
- This lass mass developed in different geological time.
- There are so many processes are acting over the land mass. Like weathering, erosion process or deposition process etc.
- These variety also created by different tectonic activities. Like folding, faulting, volcanic activities etc. creates great variety of land masses over the sub-continent.
Question: Explain about great division of physiographic elements in India.
Answer: India has great variety of physiographic components which are as follows:
- The northern Himalayas mountain,
- The great northern plain,
- Peninsular plateau,
- The great desert areas,
- The coastal plains and
- Different islands.
The Himalayas:
- This lofty Himalaya Mountain is generally younger than the other part of India like Peninsular region.
- The Himalaya Mountain is located in the north of the country.
- Himalayas region is shaping by different erosional and deposional processes.
- So many big rivers are flowing in this mountainous area. Like The Ganga, the Brahmaputra or Indus etc.
- This is about 2400 km long and width varies 400 km in Kashmir region and 150 km in the Arunachal Himalayas region.
- So many highest mountain peaks are situated here. Like Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga, Karakoram etc.
The northern plain:
- This plain is the creation of Himalayan Rivers.
- So many rivers carry erosional materials and deposits on the foot hills region or its nearby area.
- This plain is divided into several parts through different rivers or their tributaries.
- Northern plain have very gentle slope tilted towards the south.
- This plain is mainly formed by alluvial soil.
- This region is agriculturally developed.
- After descending the rivers from the Himalayas region forms pebbles deposits narrow belt in about 8 to 16 km from the foot hills region. This region is called as Bhabar.
- A new swampy and marshy land is formed in the southern part of bhabar which is known as ‘Terai’.
- A large portion is made up of old alluvium which is known as ‘Bhangar’ and other is made up of new alluvium which is known as ‘Khadar’.
The Peninsular plateau:
- This is the oldest land mass of the Indian subcontinent. It is considered that this plateau region is much older than the Himalayas region.
- This plateau is made up of lava deposition through different vents are under laying the peninsular plateau region.
- This plateau is divided into two part central highland and the Deccan plateau.
- The northern part of the Narmada River is Malwa plateau called as the central highland.
- This plateau is surrounded by the Westernghat in the west and Easternghat in the east.
The Indian desert:
- The Indian desert is located in the western part of the country.
- Indian desert lies in the western margin of the Aravali Mountain.
- This region receives about below 150 mm per year.
- A large part of this region is located in Pakistan.
- Berchans, sand dunes are some landforms are found in this region.
The coastal plains:
- This coastal plain lies along the coast of Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
- Arabian coastal plain is divided into two Kankan and Malabar Coast from Mumbai to Goa and Goa to Kanyakumari respectively.
- The coast of Bay of Bengal also divided into two part Northern Circar coast in the Odisha and Coromandal coast means Tamil Nadu coast.
The islands:
- Andaman Nicobar, Lakshadweep, etc. are the main islands of the country. Read more…
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